Docker Compose で Django/PostgreSQL 環境をつくる/ふみのて

docker

Docker Compose で Django/PostgreSQL 環境をつくる

2018-11-26 Mon updated: 2018-11-26 Mon

Contents

ガイド
リファレンス
インストール
つくりかた

ガイド

Quickstart: Compose and Django

リファレンス

インストール

Install Docker Desktop for Mac

つくりかた

Dockerfile を準備する。

Dockerfile
# ベースイメージ
FROM python:3
# Docker コンテナ内で使える環境変数を指定
ENV PYTHONUNBUFFERED 1
# イメージビルド時に mkdir /code する
RUN mkdir /code
# この後の指令は /code で実行する
WORKDIR /code
# requirements.txt をイメージ内の /code/ ディレクトリにコピーする
ADD requirements.txt /code/
# イメージビルド時に requirements.txt から pip install する
RUN pip install -r requirements.txt
# カレントディレクトリ配下を /code 配下にコピーする
ADD . /code/

requirements.txt を準備する。

requirements.txt
Django>=1.8,<2.0
psycopg2
# psycopg2: Python-PostgreSQL Database Adapter https://pypi.org/project/psycopg2/

docker-compose.yml を準備する。

docker-compose.yml
version: '3'

services:
  db:
    image: postgres
  web:
    # Dockerfile が存在するディレクトリの相対パスを指定する
    build: .
    # コンテナ実行時に実行するコマンド
    command: python3 manage.py runserver 0.0.0.0:8000
    # コンテナの /code を、ホストのカレントディレクトリにマウントする
    volumes:
      - .:/code
    # ポートフォワーディング
    ports:
      # ホストのポート:コンテナのポート
      - "3236:8000"
    # 依存するものをここに書く。docker-compose up 時に、 web の前に db をスタートしてくれる。
    depends_on:
      - db

startproject する (Docker イメージビルドもされる)

# docker-compose.yml に指定したとおり、カレントディレクトリの Dockerfile から `web` のイメージをビルド
# `web` の中で django-admin.py startproject fff を実行する
$ sudo docker-compose run web django-admin.py startproject fff .
# mac のパスワードを入力する
Password:
Creating network "fff_default" with the default driver
Pulling db (postgres:)...
latest: Pulling from library/postgres
a5a6f2f73cd8: Already exists
e50fbea8af5a: Pulling fs layer
73b4855ad326: Pulling fs layer
39616673f22b: Pulling fs layer
94e1b79f69ee: Pull complete
c91e4af2ff8e: Pull complete
16ba314c612f: Pull complete
89011a174cee: Pull complete
d82b02de73e7: Pull complete
e3026dc5acbe: Pull complete
225d0988f8bb: Pull complete
89efa60266d6: Pull complete
64e6167259ce: Pull complete
8f44f8f48bbe: Pull complete
Digest: sha256:40b48cf04185e69c5a9183a986fcbbfd105e5991a70b1980e9a641b53ba5ead7
Status: Downloaded newer image for postgres:latest
Creating fff_db_1 ... done
Building web
Step 1/7 : FROM python:3
3: Pulling from library/python
54f7e8ac135a: Pull complete
d6341e30912f: Pull complete
087a57faf949: Pull complete
5d71636fb824: Pull complete
0c1db9598990: Pull complete
bfb904e99f24: Pull complete
78a3d3a96a32: Pull complete
885a0ed92c89: Pull complete
dd7cc9ace242: Pull complete
Digest: sha256:3870d35b962a943df72d948580fc66ceaaee1c4fbd205930f32e0f0760eb1077
Status: Downloaded newer image for python:3
 ---> 1e80caffd59e
Step 2/7 : ENV PYTHONUNBUFFERED 1
 ---> Running in 8b36b0f52978
Removing intermediate container 8b36b0f52978
 ---> d8c31fcb6021
Step 3/7 : RUN mkdir /code
 ---> Running in 4f2b5e392870
Removing intermediate container 4f2b5e392870
 ---> 9c8ee756f336
Step 4/7 : WORKDIR /code
 ---> Running in de4383433c19
Removing intermediate container de4383433c19
 ---> 3641af229774
Step 5/7 : ADD requirements.txt /code/
 ---> ef8667808ce1
Step 6/7 : RUN pip install -r requirements.txt
 ---> Running in 1da62dd84073
Collecting Django<2.1,>=1.8 (from -r requirements.txt (line 1))
  Downloading https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/6c/9d/c0feec696b815708354a2fd06ae0f51330a15043822a29bc8be2f185d9fe/Django-2.0.9-py3-none-any.whl (7.1MB)
Collecting psycopg2 (from -r requirements.txt (line 2))
  Downloading https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/90/aa/b033c170c9bd505c7e4d1560f5dbb35ca2a7e928ac03c384f93d0cdaf6a7/psycopg2-2.7.6.1-cp37-cp37m-manylinux1_x86_64.whl (2.7MB)
Collecting pytz (from Django<2.1,>=1.8->-r requirements.txt (line 1))
  Downloading https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/f8/0e/2365ddc010afb3d79147f1dd544e5ee24bf4ece58ab99b16fbb465ce6dc0/pytz-2018.7-py2.py3-none-any.whl (506kB)
Installing collected packages: pytz, Django, psycopg2
Successfully installed Django-2.0.9 psycopg2-2.7.6.1 pytz-2018.7
Removing intermediate container 1da62dd84073
 ---> d0afed5e3cf7
Step 7/7 : ADD . /code/
 ---> 5a39d311c84c
Successfully built 5a39d311c84c
Successfully tagged fff_web:latest
WARNING: Image for service web was built because it did not already exist. To rebuild this image you must use `docker-compose build` or `docker-compose up --build`.

settings.py に DATABASE を定義する。

DATABASES = {
    'default': {
        'ENGINE': 'django.db.backends.postgresql',
        'NAME': 'postgres',
        'USER': 'postgres',
        'HOST': 'db',
        'PORT': 5432,
    }
}

Docker コンテナ (db と web) を実行する

$ docker-compose up
fff_db_1 is up-to-date
Creating fff_web_1 ... done
Attaching to fff_db_1, fff_web_1
db_1   | The files belonging to this database system will be owned by user "postgres".
db_1   | This user must also own the server process.
db_1   |
db_1   | The database cluster will be initialized with locale "en_US.utf8".
db_1   | The default database encoding has accordingly been set to "UTF8".
db_1   | The default text search configuration will be set to "english".
db_1   |
db_1   | Data page checksums are disabled.
db_1   |
db_1   | fixing permissions on existing directory /var/lib/postgresql/data ... ok
db_1   | creating subdirectories ... ok
db_1   | selecting default max_connections ... 100
db_1   | selecting default shared_buffers ... 128MB
db_1   | selecting dynamic shared memory implementation ... posix
db_1   | creating configuration files ... ok
db_1   | running bootstrap script ... ok
db_1   | performing post-bootstrap initialization ... ok
db_1   | syncing data to disk ... ok
db_1   |
db_1   | Success. You can now start the database server using:
db_1   |
db_1   |
db_1   | WARNING: enabling "trust" authentication for local connections
db_1   | You can change this by editing pg_hba.conf or using the option -A, or
db_1   | --auth-local and --auth-host, the next time you run initdb.
db_1   |     pg_ctl -D /var/lib/postgresql/data -l logfile start
db_1   |
db_1   | ****************************************************
db_1   | WARNING: No password has been set for the database.
db_1   |          This will allow anyone with access to the
db_1   |          Postgres port to access your database. In
db_1   |          Docker's default configuration, this is
db_1   |          effectively any other container on the same
db_1   |          system.
db_1   |
db_1   |          Use "-e POSTGRES_PASSWORD=password" to set
db_1   |          it in "docker run".
db_1   | ****************************************************
db_1   | waiting for server to start....2018-11-26 14:35:32.757 UTC [45] LOG:  listening on Unix socket "/var/run/postgresql/.s.PGSQL.5432"
db_1   | 2018-11-26 14:35:32.772 UTC [46] LOG:  database system was shut down at 2018-11-26 14:35:32 UTC
db_1   | 2018-11-26 14:35:32.777 UTC [45] LOG:  database system is ready to accept connections
db_1   |  done
db_1   | server started
db_1   |
db_1   | /usr/local/bin/docker-entrypoint.sh: ignoring /docker-entrypoint-initdb.d/*
db_1   |
db_1   | waiting for server to shut down....2018-11-26 14:35:32.851 UTC [45] LOG:  received fast shutdown request
db_1   | 2018-11-26 14:35:32.855 UTC [45] LOG:  aborting any active transactions
db_1   | 2018-11-26 14:35:32.858 UTC [45] LOG:  background worker "logical replication launcher" (PID 52) exited with exit code 1
db_1   | 2018-11-26 14:35:32.860 UTC [47] LOG:  shutting down
db_1   | 2018-11-26 14:35:32.882 UTC [45] LOG:  database system is shut down
db_1   |  done
db_1   | server stopped
db_1   |
db_1   | PostgreSQL init process complete; ready for start up.
db_1   |
db_1   | 2018-11-26 14:35:32.970 UTC [1] LOG:  listening on IPv4 address "0.0.0.0", port 5432
db_1   | 2018-11-26 14:35:32.972 UTC [1] LOG:  listening on IPv6 address "::", port 5432
db_1   | 2018-11-26 14:35:32.977 UTC [1] LOG:  listening on Unix socket "/var/run/postgresql/.s.PGSQL.5432"
db_1   | 2018-11-26 14:35:32.994 UTC [54] LOG:  database system was shut down at 2018-11-26 14:35:32 UTC
db_1   | 2018-11-26 14:35:33.002 UTC [1] LOG:  database system is ready to accept connections
web_1  | /usr/local/lib/python3.7/site-packages/psycopg2/__init__.py:144: UserWarning: The psycopg2 wheel package will be renamed from release 2.8; in order to keep installing from binary please use "pip install psycopg2-binary" instead. For details see: <http://initd.org/psycopg/docs/install.html#binary-install-from-pypi>.
web_1  |   """)
web_1  | /usr/local/lib/python3.7/site-packages/psycopg2/__init__.py:144: UserWarning: The psycopg2 wheel package will be renamed from release 2.8; in order to keep installing from binary please use "pip install psycopg2-binary" instead. For details see: <http://initd.org/psycopg/docs/install.html#binary-install-from-pypi>.
web_1  |   """)
web_1  | Performing system checks...
web_1  |
web_1  | System check identified no issues (0 silenced).
web_1  |
web_1  | You have 14 unapplied migration(s). Your project may not work properly until you apply the migrations for app(s): admin, auth, contenttypes, sessions.
web_1  | Run 'python manage.py migrate' to apply them.
web_1  | November 26, 2018 - 14:44:40
web_1  | Django version 2.0.9, using settings 'fff.settings'
web_1  | Starting development server at http://0.0.0.0:8000/
web_1  | Quit the server with CONTROL-C.

アクセスする。

http://localhost:3236/

実行中のコンテナを list する。

$ docker ps
CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND                  CREATED             STATUS              PORTS                    NAMES
e95174b2be87        fff_web             "python3 manage.py r…"   32 minutes ago      Up 32 minutes       0.0.0.0:3236->8000/tcp   fff_web_1
2994f0092cd4        postgres            "docker-entrypoint.s…"   41 minutes ago      Up 41 minutes       5432/tcp                 fff_db_1

安全に shutdown する。
```
$ docker-compose down
```